锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷页 > 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教筹拷 > 锟教筹拷 > python执锟斤拷shell锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟�

python执锟斤拷shell锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷源锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|锟斤拷时锟戒：2024-07-10 16:15:15 |锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷91锟斤拷|锟斤拷锟斤拷签锟斤拷 T Hell Shell El S Python 锟斤拷 |锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷戏

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷细锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷python执锟斤拷shell锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷蹋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较革拷拇锟斤拷锟绞撅拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷Python锟斤拷执锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟筋并锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷 subprocess 模锟介。锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碌慕锟斤拷蹋锟斤拷锟斤拷拥锟斤拷锟斤拷堑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�/锟斤拷锟�/锟斤拷锟斤拷艿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟斤拷堑姆锟斤拷锟斤拷搿ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟较革拷锟绞撅拷锟斤拷锟秸故撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷 subprocess.run() 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟筋并锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

1. 示锟斤拷一锟斤拷使锟斤拷 `subprocess.run()` 执锟斤拷 `ls` 锟斤拷锟筋并锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷锟绞撅拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟� ls 锟斤拷锟筋（锟斤拷Unix/Linux/macOS系统锟斤拷锟叫筹拷锟斤拷前目录锟铰碉拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵凤拷锟斤拷锟诫。

import subprocess  
  
# 锟斤拷锟斤拷要执锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷  
command = ['ls', '-l']  # 使锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟斤拷shell注锟诫攻锟斤拷  
  
# 执锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷  
# capture_output=True 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷stdout锟斤拷stderr锟斤拷  
# text=True 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷谋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇ython 3.7+锟斤拷锟斤拷之前锟芥本使锟斤拷universal_newlines=True  
result = subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, text=True)  
  
# 锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟阶硷拷锟斤拷  
stdout = result.stdout  
  
# 锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷拇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械幕锟斤拷锟�  
stderr = result.stderr  
  
# 锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�  
returncode = result.returncode  
  
# 锟斤拷印锟斤拷锟�  
print(f"锟斤拷准锟斤拷锟�:\n{stdout}")  
if stderr:  
    print(f"锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�:\n{stderr}")  
print(f"锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷: {returncode}")  
  
# 注锟解：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴癸拷执锟叫ｏ拷returncode通锟斤拷为0锟斤拷锟斤拷0值锟斤拷示锟叫达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷

锟斤拷1锟斤拷 锟斤拷全锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷shell注锟诫攻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷筒锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷斜锟斤拷锟绞斤拷峁┦憋拷锟絇ython锟斤拷直锟接斤拷锟斤拷锟角达拷锟捷革拷系统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷shell锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷锟接讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿帮拷全锟斤拷锟秸★拷

锟斤拷2锟斤拷 锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟街斤拷 锟斤拷 capture_output=True 锟斤拷 text=True 锟斤拷锟斤拷 universal_newlines=True 锟斤拷锟节旧版本锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟街凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟截ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街节★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诖锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷锟斤拷莺芊锟斤拷悖拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟捷ｏ拷锟斤拷图锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡碉拷募锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟街斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷3锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� returncode 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角凤拷晒锟街达拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷 returncode 锟斤拷为0锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭拷锟斤拷锟� stderr 锟叫碉拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷狻�

锟斤拷4锟斤拷 锟斤拷平台锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟叫碉拷 ls -l 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Unix/Linux/macOS系统锟斤拷锟叫的★拷锟斤拷Windows系统锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要执锟叫诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋（锟斤拷 dir 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牡锟斤拷梅锟绞斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷纾癸拷锟� shell=True 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟饺拷锟斤拷眨锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷5锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟杰匡拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷频锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解部锟斤拷锟教匡拷锟杰会降锟酵筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷堋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Python锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷猓拷锟斤拷呖锟斤拷锟绞癸拷枚锟斤拷叱锟�/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷写锟斤拷锟斤拷獠匡拷锟斤拷锟侥碉拷锟矫★拷

2. 示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷 `subprocess.run()` 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷细锟侥达拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷展示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇ython锟斤拷使锟斤拷 subprocess.run() 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟筋（锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� ls -l 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰筹拷锟街的革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷晒锟街达拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷畈伙拷锟斤拷凇锟斤拷约锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷准锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷注锟解，锟斤拷锟绞撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟経nix/Linux/macOS系统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷为 ls -l 锟斤拷锟斤拷些系统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋。锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絎indows锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟芥换为 dir 锟斤拷锟筋，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷 shell 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞癸拷锟� shell=True 锟皆憋拷锟解安全锟斤拷锟秸ｏ拷锟斤拷

import subprocess  
  
def run_command(command):  
    """  
    执锟叫革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋并锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷头锟斤拷锟斤拷搿�  
  
    锟斤拷锟斤拷:  
    - command: 要执锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟筋，锟斤拷为锟叫憋拷锟斤拷锟捷ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 ['ls', '-l']锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟斤拷shell注锟诫。  
  
    锟斤拷锟斤拷:  
    - output: 锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟阶硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�  
    - error: 锟斤拷锟斤拷拇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�  
    - returncode: 锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟斤拷搿�  
    """  
    try:  
        # 使锟斤拷subprocess.run()执锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷  
        # capture_output=True锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷stdout锟斤拷stderr  
        # text=True锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷谋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇ython 3.7+锟斤拷  
        result = subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)  
        # 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴癸拷执锟叫ｏ拷没锟斤拷锟届常锟斤拷锟斤拷锟津返伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷头锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�  
        return result.stdout, None, result.returncode  
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:  
        # 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟绞э拷埽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷0锟斤拷锟斤拷锟津捕伙拷CalledProcessError锟届常  
        # 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械幕锟斤拷锟斤拷头锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�  
        return None, e.stderr, e.returncode  
    except Exception as e:  
        # 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰碉拷锟届常锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷虻サ锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锌锟斤拷懿锟教拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�  
        return None, f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}", None  
  
# 锟斤拷锟斤拷要执锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷  
command = ['ls', '-l']  
  
# 执锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋并锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟�  
output, error, returncode = run_command(command)  
  
# 锟斤拷锟捷凤拷锟截的斤拷锟斤拷锟接★拷锟接︼拷锟斤拷锟较�  
if output:  
    print("锟斤拷准锟斤拷锟�:")  
    print(output)  
if error:  
    print("锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�:")  
    print(error)  
if returncode is not None:  
    print(f"锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷: {returncode}")  
    if returncode == 0:  
        print("锟斤拷锟斤拷晒锟街达拷小锟�")  
    else:  
        print("锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷失锟杰★拷")

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞撅拷锟斤拷校锟� run_command 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷装锟斤拷 subprocess.run() 锟侥碉拷锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿硷拷锟街匡拷锟杰碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷晒锟街达拷校锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿�0锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截憋拷准锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� None 锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷约锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷搿�

锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷失锟杰ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�0锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 subprocess.CalledProcessError 锟届常锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 None 锟斤拷为锟斤拷准锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫。

锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟届常锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷癫⒎锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较拷锟� None 锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫（锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷囟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷校锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� subprocess.run() 通锟斤拷只锟阶筹拷 CalledProcessError 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解部锟街匡拷锟杰诧拷锟结被执锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷注锟解， subprocess.run() 锟斤拷 check=True 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋返锟截凤拷锟斤拷锟剿筹拷锟斤拷时锟皆讹拷锟阶筹拷 CalledProcessError 锟届常锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 try-except 锟斤拷锟叫诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞撅拷锟斤拷校锟斤拷锟窖★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞斤拷夭锟斤拷锟斤拷斐ｏ拷锟斤拷员锟斤拷芄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵凤拷锟斤拷锟诫。锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞э拷锟绞憋拷壮锟斤拷斐ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷拇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷木锟斤拷锟较革拷冢锟斤拷锟矫达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诘锟斤拷锟� subprocess.run() 时锟斤拷锟斤拷 check=True 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Python锟斤拷默锟斤拷锟届常锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

3. shell锟斤拷碳锟絪hell锟斤拷锟斤拷

3.1 Shell锟斤拷锟�

Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街甘癸拷锟絊hell锟斤拷也锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫斤拷锟芥）锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫达拷疟锟斤拷墓锟斤拷獭锟絊hell锟斤拷Unix/Linux/macOS锟斤拷锟斤拷Unix锟斤拷锟斤拷系统锟叫碉拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷没锟斤拷峁╋拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Shell锟脚憋拷锟斤拷一系锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷募锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟叫╋拷锟斤拷畋伙拷锟叫达拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷募锟斤拷校锟斤拷锟酵拷锟絊hell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟皆讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系统锟斤拷源锟斤拷目锟侥★拷

Shell锟脚憋拷锟斤拷锟叫匡拷平台锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Shell锟侥癸拷锟杰猴拷锟斤拷锟筋，锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟节达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟経nix系统锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡的★拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷Bash锟斤拷Zsh锟斤拷Fish锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷展锟斤拷锟斤拷吮锟叫达拷慕疟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭拷锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒。

Shell锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷濉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卸稀锟窖拷锟斤拷锟斤拷啤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷玫缺锟斤拷元锟截ｏ拷锟斤拷锟诫传统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺ｏ拷Shell锟脚憋拷锟斤拷锟斤法锟斤拷约锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋。

3.2 Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷

Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫伙拷锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街革拷睿拷锟斤拷锟街达拷懈锟斤拷植锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷小锟较低筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟絊hell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊hell锟斤拷锟矫的ｏ拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系统锟较碉拷锟解部锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷1锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结供锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋，锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟窖撅拷锟斤拷锟截碉拷锟节达拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟斤拷俣冉峡臁ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷畈伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较低筹拷系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系统锟斤拷锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟窖撅拷锟斤拷锟矫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� cd 锟斤拷锟侥憋拷目录锟斤拷锟斤拷 echo 锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷 exit 锟斤拷锟剿筹拷Shell锟斤拷锟饺★拷

锟斤拷2锟斤拷 锟解部锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷也锟斤拷为锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷锟筋，锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系统锟较讹拷锟斤拷锟侥筹拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷位锟斤拷 /bin 锟斤拷 /usr/bin 锟斤拷 /sbin 锟斤拷 /usr/sbin 锟斤拷目录锟铰★拷锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷要执锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫┠柯硷拷锟斤拷业锟斤拷锟接︼拷某锟斤拷锟街达拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷獠匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 ls 锟斤拷锟叫筹拷目录锟斤拷锟捷ｏ拷锟斤拷 cp 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷目录锟斤拷锟斤拷 mv 锟斤拷锟狡讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷目录锟斤拷锟饺★拷

Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷艿锟斤拷锟� | 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟斤拷 > 锟斤拷 < 锟斤拷 >> 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥换锟斤拷 command 锟斤拷 $(command) 锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟狡斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟绞碉拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷拥牟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷纾� ls -l | grep '^d' 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谐锟斤拷锟角澳柯硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥柯硷拷锟斤拷锟较革拷锟较拷锟� ls -l 锟叫筹拷锟斤拷细锟斤拷息锟斤拷 grep '^d' 筛选锟斤拷锟斤拷 d 锟斤拷头锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷目录锟斤拷锟斤拷

Shell锟斤拷毯锟絊hell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Unix/Linux/macOS锟斤拷系统锟矫伙拷锟秸筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫诧拷锟缴伙拷缺锟侥癸拷锟竭ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫伙拷锟侥癸拷锟斤拷效锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫伙拷锟皆讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷筛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

3.3 锟斤拷锟绞癸拷锟絊hell锟斤拷锟�

使锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭拷婕帮拷锟斤拷锟叫碨hell锟脚憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟脚憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一系锟叫碉拷Shell锟斤拷锟筋，通锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟侥癸拷锟杰★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷痰幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瑁�

3.3.1 选锟斤拷Shell

锟斤拷锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要确锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷Bash锟斤拷Bourne Again SHell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃inux锟斤拷锟叫帮拷锟侥拷锟絊hell锟斤拷锟斤拷Zsh锟斤拷Z Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷强锟斤拷锟皆和革拷锟矫碉拷锟矫伙拷锟斤拷锟介）锟斤拷Fish锟斤拷Friendly Interactive SHell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫伙拷锟窖好猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学习锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟饺★拷锟斤拷锟节筹拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷说锟斤拷Bash锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟杰好碉拷锟斤拷悖拷锟轿拷锟斤拷惴猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牡锟斤拷岣伙拷锟�

3.3.2 锟斤拷写Shell锟脚憋拷

Shell锟脚憋拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 .sh 为锟斤拷展锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟轿猴拷锟侥憋拷锟洁辑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷写Shell锟脚憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 nano 锟斤拷 vim 锟斤拷 emacs 锟斤拷虻サ锟� echo 锟斤拷锟截讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟津单碉拷Shell锟脚憋拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷印锟斤拷锟斤拷Hello, World!锟斤拷锟斤拷

#!/bin/bash  
# 锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟津单碉拷Shell锟脚憋拷示锟斤拷  
echo "Hello, World!"

锟节脚憋拷锟侥碉拷一锟叫ｏ拷 #!/bin/bash 锟斤拷锟斤拷为shebang锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系统锟斤拷锟斤拷疟锟接︼拷锟绞癸拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷Bash锟斤拷

3.3.3 锟斤拷锟斤拷疟锟�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角的脚憋拷锟斤拷锟芥到锟侥硷拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 hello.sh 锟斤拷

3.3.4 锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷权锟斤拷

锟斤拷Linux锟斤拷macOS锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟脚憋拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷权锟睫ｏ拷锟皆憋拷锟杰癸拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷 chmod 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟姐：

bash锟斤拷锟狡达拷锟斤拷

chmod +x hello.sh

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� hello.sh 锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷权锟睫★拷

3.3.5 锟斤拷锟叫脚憋拷

锟斤拷锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街凤拷式之一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角的脚憋拷锟斤拷

直锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟脚憋拷锟斤拷路锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷疟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟饺拷蓿锟斤拷锟�

bash锟斤拷锟狡达拷锟斤拷

./hello.sh

注锟解，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要使锟斤拷 ./ 锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟脚憋拷位锟节碉拷前目录锟铰★拷

使锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟叫脚憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔脚憋拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟饺拷蓿锟斤拷锟�

bash锟斤拷锟狡达拷锟斤拷

bash hello.sh

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹ash锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷 hello.sh 锟脚憋拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟筋。

小锟斤拷锟狡硷拷锟侥讹拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟睫观碉拷锟街な碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

Shell 1.0: 锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷营状态锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷营锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷; 锟斤拷戏锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷戏锟斤拷锟�

锟斤拷戏锟斤拷频

锟斤拷戏锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷戏锟筋动; 锟斤拷Shell锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷戏锟斤拷ShamBdour锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷趣味锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷亟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较凤拷锟斤拷锟较凤拷校锟斤拷锟揭斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节龟，锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷